Ginger, a widely used spice, has entered kitchens and medicine cabinets worldwide. Surprisingly, ginger is not grown in the wild, and its origins remain a mystery. For over 5000 years, both Indian and Chinese cultures have utilized ginger as a tonic root to address a variety of health issues. Today, ginger is cultivated in the humid tropics, with India leading the world in its production (Bode & Dong., 2011).
With the increasing trend of using ‘natural’ or alternative medicines, there’s a beacon of hope for improved health. This pattern is especially prominent among the older adult population, often called baby boomers. They are strongly inclined to use complementary and alternative medicine, including dietary supplements and herbal remedies, believing these substances can positively influence their health and well-being (Cohen et al., 2002). Additionally, ginger is a staple in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, with a long history of use as a herbal remedy for common health ailments. The clinical effects of ginger are categorized into six subsections: nausea and vomiting, gastrointestinal function, pain, inflammation, metabolic syndromes, and other symptoms (Anh et al., 2020).
1. Nausea & Vomiting
Numerous studies have looked into the effectiveness of ginger in reducing nausea related to different surgical procedures. Patients who took 1 g of ginger seemed to have less nausea, particularly within 2–4 hours after the procedure, and some reported experiencing less vomiting (Pongrojpaw & Chiamchanya, 2003). However, after 6 hours, patients who had received ginger reported significantly less nausea and vomiting than those who received the placebo (Apariman et al., 2006). Moreover, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing ginger with a placebo to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting found that a consistent dose of at least 1 g seems more effective than a placebo. In summary, these results indicate that ginger is likely to be efficacious in relieving nausea and vomiting related to various conditions (Chaiyakunapruk et al., 2006). Although the exact mechanism is unclear, ginger has no adverse side effects and does not seem to worsen nausea and vomiting (Bode & Dong, 2011).
2. Gastrointestinal Function
Ginger and its different compounds tend to accumulate in the digestive system. They primarily work by reducing pain through their anti-inflammatory properties, calming the digestive system with their carminative effects, and relieving nausea (Modi & Kalgi, 2024). One key component of ginger is gingerol, which promotes gastrointestinal motility. This means it helps regulate the pace at which food moves through the digestive system. Ginger can support efficient digestion, reduce the amount of food consumed in the gut, and relieve nausea (Nikkhah Bodagh et al., 2018a).
3. Pain
Ginger has been found to have pain-reducing properties and can help modulate pain through several different mechanisms. Research studies have demonstrated ginger can effectively reduce intense muscle pain and soreness following strenuous physical activity. It’s worth noting, however, that the pain-relieving effects of ginger are not immediate. To experience the benefits, consuming approximately 2 grams of ginger daily for at least 11 days is recommended (Rondanelli et al., 2020).
4. Inflammation
Individuals grappling with chronic inflammatory conditions increasingly seek alternative compounds to relieve their symptoms and take advantage of ginger’s natural medicinal properties for preventive treatments (Baliga et al., 2011) (Zahedi et al., 2012). The inflammation process involves a complex interaction between inflammatory cells and a wide range of chemical mediators responsible for initiating the inflammatory response and recruiting additional immune cells to the affected site for resolution. Scientific research has indicated that ginger contains diverse bioactive compounds that can alleviate the symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory diseases (Rondanelli et al., 2020).
5. Metabolic Syndromes
Ginger is beneficial in treating metabolic syndrome due to its various health effects. Ginger has the chemical properties to lower blood pressure (hypotensive), combat obesity (anti-obesity), reduce blood sugar levels (hypoglycemic), and lower lipid (fat) levels in the blood (hypolipidemic). Furthermore, ginger has been shown to significantly reduce the areas of atherosclerotic lesions, which are the buildup of cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls. Additionally, ginger has been found to increase adenosine deaminase activity in platelets and lymphocytes, which are important types of blood cells (Salaramoli et al., 202205).
6. Heart Burn
Ginger is renowned for its exceptional digestive health benefits due to its potent medicinal properties. This remarkable alkaline root possesses powerful anti-inflammatory properties, effectively soothing irritations within the digestive tract. To relieve heartburn, consider sipping a lower dose of soothing ginger tea to alleviate discomfort and promote digestive wellness (Nikkhah Bodagh et al., 2018a).
7. Bloating
Ginger is known for its proactive approach to promoting health and offers many potential benefits. It can help reduce fermentation, address constipation, and alleviate other causes of bloating and intestinal gas (Haniadka et al., 2013).
8. Constipation
Consuming ginger can be beneficial for relieving constipation by reducing the pressure on the lower intestines. This can help alleviate constipation and address symptoms like cramping, bloating, and nausea (Foshati et al., 2023).
9. Pregnancy
There is no known evidence to suggest that consuming a moderate amount of ginger as part of a balanced diet poses any risks during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Research indicates that ginger may alleviate symptoms of morning sickness during the first trimester, which affects approximately one in three women for about six days. While the most extensive study conducted on this topic found no link between ginger consumption and increased risk of fetal malformations or stillbirths, some smaller studies have reported conflicting findings (Lindblad & Koppula, 2016). Please consult your healthcare provider before using ginger during pregnancy or nursing.
10. Aid With Arthritis Symptoms
Ginger can reduce the activity of certain chemical substances contributing to joint inflammation. The findings from these research trials evaluating its effectiveness in treating individuals with osteoarthritis suggest ginger has a strong safety profile. They may offer moderate benefits in alleviating pain and disability (Reginster et al., 2000).
11. Infection
Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes significant morbidity and mortality due to diarrhea. Few effective antiparasitic drugs are available to combat it. An animal-based study was conducted to assess the therapeutic potential of ginger in treating this parasite in infected mice. The study found that ginger effectively treated the parasite, as evidenced by continuous and significant weight gain in the treated mice, indicating improved health. These findings suggest that ginger holds promise as a natural treatment for parasite strains (Abdelgelil et al., 2023).
12. Diabetes
Ginger has been found to have anti-diabetic properties in multiple studies. According to (Akhani et al., 2004), pretreating with ginger inhibited the development of high blood sugar and low insulin levels. Additionally, other researchers have demonstrated ginger’s ability to reduce lipid levels in the blood (Tabibi et al., 2016). Please consult your healthcare provider before using ginger if you are being treated for diabetes.
Who Should Avoid Ginger
It is important to note that pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with heart conditions, and those diagnosed with diabetes should consult with their healthcare providers before consuming ginger. It is not recommended to take ginger if you have a bleeding disorder or if you are currently on blood-thinning medication, such as aspirin. Recent surveys have highlighted the potential risks of herb-chemotherapeutic drug interactions in cancer patients who use herbal remedies that lack sufficient research data documenting their possible interactions (Engdal et al., 2009). This underscores the importance of consulting a healthcare provider before combining herbal remedies with other medications.
Conclusion
Ginger is an incredibly versatile ingredient that elevates the flavor profile of a wide range of dishes. Beyond its culinary uses, ginger possesses exceptional medicinal properties that relieve nausea and vomiting and aid digestion. It has been known to be beneficial for gastrointestinal dysfunction, pregnancy-related discomfort, constipation, bloating, heartburn, and metabolic syndromes, including diabetes.
The antioxidants and other nutrients in the ginger root have been linked to potential benefits in preventing or treating conditions such as arthritis, inflammation, and various infections. Additionally, ginger may reduce the risk of developing diabetes, cancer, and other health issues. This remarkable root continues to impress with its diverse potential health benefits.
It’s essential to be aware that ginger has potential side effects that users should consider. In particular, consuming higher doses of ginger, such as those found in supplements, may increase the risk of bleeding. While research on this matter is not yet conclusive, individuals undergoing anticoagulant therapy, which involves blood thinners like warfarin, aspirin, and others, should exercise caution when using ginger.
Sources
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